08.00 Registration & Coffee

09.00 Behavioural Analysis 2022: Chairman’s Opening Address

09.15 Zelensky, Putin & Johnson: the good, the bad and the…profiling perspective
Behavioural Analysis 2022 starts as we emerge from pandemic-generated restrictions and learn to live with the virus. However, no sooner has one challenge started to diminish, another, more sinister one, has emerged – Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, with all its consequences. Whilst this conference focuses on identifying threats in crowded places, within the workplace and at venues where the general public gather, we cannot ignore the broader geopolitical landscape. Our opening address is from a criminologist – the author of the book ‘Terrorist Minds’ – who will share with delegates her profiles of Volodymyr Zelensky, Vladimir Putin and, as the conference takes place in the UK, Boris Johnson, specifically focussing on what behavioural indicators there were for their current actions.

09.50 Welcome to University of Northampton

10.00 University of Northampton: combatting radicalisation, hate crime, sexual violence and substance abuse by means of behavioural analysis on a university campus
Behavioural Analysis 2022 takes place in a university setting. Not only does this afford us the opportunity to emphasise the link between academic research and operational best practice, it also serves to demonstrate how the conference venue itself is tackling criminality identified online, in the lecture halls, and in its halls of residence. Using specific case studies relating to a variety of hostile acts, the University of Northampton team demonstrates how it is avoiding a silo mentality and has effectively clamped down on criminal behaviour to better protect its students and staff.

10.40 From Academic Research to Workplace Deployment: Part I: common fallacies relating to behavioural analysis
Those passionate about profiling may well have watched the TV series Lie To Me and many are convinced that we can identify liars through an analysis of nonverbals. The real world is a little different! Microexpressions do exist but most of the current academic research indicates that the interpretation of them is being used, incorrectly and potentially dangerously, to indicate guilt. The reality is that microexpressions, which are highly unlikely to be identified in a crowded environment or at a fleeting glance, are simply indicators of stress. Potential guilt or negative intent can only be determined by implementing investigative interviewing techniques. Likewise, neurolinguistic programming is also being peddled as a means to indicate the construction of lies; rigorous academic research, such as that conducted by the University of Amsterdam, debunks this. This presentation is divided into two parts – linking academic research to operational deployment – and we start by challenging the myths surrounding behavioural detection.

11.00 Coffee & Networking

Session Theme: Venues & The Duty of Care

11.30 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

11.35 Night Time Industries: providing entertainment…and security
In 2019 we examined places of worship, sports stadia and hotels, and in 2020 we looked at casinos, the Welsh parliament and the Eurovision Song Contest. This year we look at behavioural analysis from the perspective of the night-time industries. The figurehead for the sector provides the voice of the industry’s stakeholders and considers how behaviour detection techniques address their security concerns now and what we need to consider in respect of the sector’s plans for growth and diversification in the future.

12.00 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: From Martyn’s Law to Protect Duty: a very personal mission
In May 2017 a suicide bomber attacked the Manchester Arena and 22 concert-goers were to lose their lives. The bomber had been identified as a possible threat well before he detonated the device; not only had security guards discussed him, but a member of the public had been sufficiently concerned that he even questioned the bomber himself. It was clear that venues had a duty to do far more to protect the lives of their guests and staff and Figen Murray, whose son Martyn Hett was killed in the attack, commenced the Martyn’s Law campaign to bring about the necessary change in legislation. In January 2022, the UK government published its response to the Protect Duty public consultation, and legislation is being drafted to ensure that venues carry out proper risk assessments, ensure adequate training, implement effective protective security measures and develop robust plans as to how they would manage or respond to an actual terrorist attack.

12.45 Thought for Food: Lunch & Networking

Session Theme: Threat Detection: strangers and insiders

13.45 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

13.50 Royal Canadian Mounted Police: airport interdiction
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) will be outlining its Jetway Interdiction program, the role it plays in airport interdictions and its associated usage of behaviour detection. They will be providing some case examples and provide an examination of the implications of behaviour detection on the judicial process (both when stops have resulted in the identification of a threat or criminal act and when no crime has been detected).

14.30 Keep the Red Flags Flying: insider threat detection
This paper discusses the results of research into insider threat identification where the goal was to discover potential ‘red flags’ that could point to an imminent insider threat incident. The study employed the Delphi Technique to compare and contrast the opinions of insider threat experts on insider threat mitigation. The presentation will include an overview of the different phases of insider threat development and will specifically drill down on the red flags/good practices that were determined to be priorities for identification.

14.55 From Academic Research to Workplace Deployment: Part II: creating a workplace environment to identify the insider threat
This presentation – a continuation of the earlier one on common fallacies regarding lie detection – shows how academic research can positively influence workplace compliance issues and threat identification. It sets out the eight criteria to ensure an ethical culture within a company and then demonstrate how one can detect the degree in which the eight soft controls are present on the work floor using nonverbal intelligence. A case study will illustrate how the combination of looking and interpreting nonverbal behaviour together with adopting soft controls can help to identify integrity & compliance issues and possible detect insider threats.

15.15 Panel Q&A

15.30 Afternoon Tea & Networking

Session Theme: Marauding Firearms Attackers & Suicide Bombers

16.00 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

16.05 Pre-Homicidal Communication: bizarre expressions as red flags
Since at least Jack the Ripper, violent offenders have sent bizarre communications to the police, media, and public. In the age of digital media, this homicidal self-promotion has become almost routine among mass murderers and spree killers. Often, they have an expansive history of alarming communications leading up to the homicide event. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of the expressive/transformative process of violence, we will identify common red flags that appear in these pre-homicidal communications and learn how to better identify such offenders before they act on their deadly fantasies.

16.35 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Mike’s Place: more than just a case study
Fortunately, very few security guards will ever actually encounter a suicide bomber. Of those that do, even fewer are likely to physically intervene, putting their lives on the line in the process. One security guard who did, and who undoubtedly saved the lives of many people enjoying an evening out, presents his account of identifying the suicide bomber who intended targeting Mike’s Place bar in Tel Aviv on 30 April 2003.

17.30 Close of Day One

Session Theme: Transportation Security

09.00 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

09.05 Guardia Civil: behavioural analysis within the aviation industry
As Behavioural Analysis 2022 enters its second day, we look at one industry in particular – aviation – and examine to what extent behavioural analysis can be proven to benefit the investment made in personnel assigned profiling duties.

09.50 British Transport Police: combatting Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) and sexual harassment on the rail network
Sexual crime and violence and Intimidation against those who identify as women and girls (VAIWG) is high on the agenda both politically and in society in general. Recent international campaigns and, in the UK, the tragic murder of Sarah Everard has brought into sharp focus the significant issues of violence, abuse and intimidation that is sadly present in our society. The British Transport Police (BTP) is exploring techniques to identify suspects through their behaviour and movement across the network, as well as developing an enhanced CCTV system and process for early circulation of suspect images and identification of offenders without the ability to see any facial features. BTP us exploring a number of technical solutions and innovative ideas which they will be sharing with the audience.

10.30 Coffee & Networking

Session Theme: The Body: top to toe behavioural analysis

11.00 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

11.05 The Head & The Mask: the consequences of Covid-19 on social interaction
Whilst commonplace in many parts of Asia pre-pandemic, the coronavirus resulted in almost the entire world resorting to mask-wearing. For those engaged in security operations, there were two dramatic impacts – firstly, our reduced ability to read emotion and, secondly, the effect it had on our ability to communicate.

11.30 The Lower Body: nonverbal cues of emotional distress
Although lower body movements and gestures are highly communicative, they are often overlooked. Given that displays of the lower body, however, are ‘less contaminated’ by social and cultural restriction and less likely to be monitored by the observer they may be more accurate indicators of one’s internal state. In this presentation we will discuss how to train professionals, particularly those in a clinical or forensic setting, to recognise valuable nonverbal cues of emotional distress in the lower body in an unobtrusive way.

12.00 Timeline Analyses
A presentation of research into threat detection related to criminal cases. Using timeline analyses (e.g., Behaviour Sequence Analysis, Indicator Waves, Crime Script Analysis), the presentation will outline how his work has helped with early threat detection whilst also assisting with cold case (including the 1965 bombing of Canadian Pacific Air Lines flight 21 – being one of the largest unsolved mass murders in Canadian history) reviews and major crimes investigations.

12.30 Lunch & Networking

13.30 KEYNOTE: On The Beach: creating a unit to maintain law and order
Antigua and Barbuda. This West Indies’ country’s very name conjures up image of paradise – resort hotels, exotic fruits, cruise ships, yachts, and, of course, beaches. With 80% of the country’s GDB being derived from tourism, maintaining safety and security is of paramount importance. The Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda has responsibility for maintaining law and order and, as one of its initiatives, it has created a Beach Security unit…which embraces behaviour detection. We are honoured to have the Force’s Commissioner join us to explain the recruitment process, the content of the six-week training programme and its core operational protocols. Whilst the presentation will focus on the Beach Security Unit, Commissioner of Police Atlee will also discuss the programme in place at Cruise Ports and the National Park – English Harbour (which is a world heritage site).

Session Theme: Communication

14.00 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

14.05 Conflict Resolution Through Effective Conversations
So, you’ve identified that somebody might be a possible threat! Now is the time to have a conversation. What are the do’s and don’ts under challenging conversations, and what should we observe and look out for in their body language, tone of voice and attitude? And more specifically, what are our own do’s and don’ts? How can we adapt our own behaviour to have an effective and adequate conversation?

Anne-Maartje Oud, Behaviour Advisor and CEO & Founder, The Behaviour Company, The Netherlands

14.35 Hell is Other People: understanding the mechanisms of aggressiveness, one’s own aggressiveness and therefore that of other people
The way human beings have adapted these last two years has been spectacular. But at what price? What have we become and how have we adapted our behaviours? What are we dragging behind us in terms of frustration, fear, anxiety, and uncertainty? Simply understanding what each of us is going through, and seeing ourselves within that frame, is essential to abandoning isolation and will enable us to reach out towards others. Creating this awareness is fundamental to stem the tide of aggression.

15.00 Q&A

15.15 Afternoon Tea & Networking

Session Theme: Behavioural Analysis Training

15.40 Session Chair’s Scene Setter

15.45 Training Behavioural Detection: pitfalls and challenges
Considering that we call upon the general public to report suspicious behaviour, it is more than reasonable to expect frontline employees to recognise any deviances from baseline behaviours they observe. But how do we train those with no security background to become more aware and appreciate the threats their society faces? And, likewise, how do we ensure that those with a background in the security services or law enforcement perform behaviour detection in a commercial environment where a customer-service focus is of paramount importance? This presentation, delivered from both an academic and operational perspective, provides an insight into the pitfalls and challenges of delivering behavioural analysis training.

16.10 Behavioural Analysis & the CBRNe Threat: updating training in light of war in Ukraine
The threat of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear material has, as a consequence of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, resurfaced. But how many security operatives, tasked with protecting our venues and transportation hubs, are provided with adequate training in CBRN-E threats and appropriate responses when suspicions are elevated? Beyond the battlefield, few locations are equipped with CBRN detection technologies and some CBRN materials are hard to detect with existing tools; consequently, we must place a far greater reliance on behavioural detection as our means of defence. This presentation looks at the CBRN threat to crowded places and border crossing points and demonstrates, using the latest evidence from Ukraine, the challenges which can be posed by abandoned radioactive sources, chemicals and biohazards. Most importantly, away from the war zone, it focuses on the lessons we all should learn regarding the chem/bio/radioactive threat and how we should respond to it.

16.40 Discussion: Racial Profiling, Artificial Intelligence & Civil Liberties

Moderator: Philip Baum

Panel:

• Krystyna Ljubymenko, Lecturer, Tomas Bata University, & Founder BD & Protection s.r.o., Czech Republic
• Dr. Marian Kolenčík, PhD., President, International Security and Emergency Management Institute, Slovakia
• Dr. Abbie Maroño, University of Northampton; Director of Education, Social-Engineer, LLC.; and, Director, BRINC (Behavioural Research in Communications), UK
• Commissioner of Police, Atlee P. Rodney, Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda, Antigua and Barbuda
• David Rubens, Executive Director, Institute of Strategic Risk Management, UK

17.20 Chairman’s Closing Remarks & Close of Conference

17.30 Conference Proceedings End